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Taxley guides

Clear answers for company tax questions.

Practical UK guides on Corporation Tax, CT600 filing, company accounts and Making Tax Digital. Built for directors who want the useful answer before the jargon.

Step-by-step guides

Which guide should I read first?

Start with our 7 step-by-step guides. Each one takes you through a real return from start to finish, with a video walkthrough, chapters and a full transcript. All 131 guides are written from official sources such as legislation, HMRC manuals and GOV.UK guidance, link to them so you can check each figure, and show when they were last updated.

Video 6:43 Closed ledger and blank papers representing a dormant company
Step-by-step Corporation Tax

Dormant company tax return: when and how to file

Check whether you need a dormant company tax return, what an HMRC notice means, and why Companies House accounts are a separate filing.

Read the guide and watch
Video 7:39 Single small ruled card in a brass holder beside a tiny navy notebook and a coral paperclip.
Step-by-step Accounts

Micro-entity accounts: contents, notes and example

A practical micro-entity accounts checklist, balance sheet example and notes guide, separating the full accounts from the copy filed at Companies House.

Read the guide and watch
Video 7:10 Tax return checklist with a pen and calculator
Step-by-step Corporation Tax

How to file a CT600 yourself: step-by-step guide

A practical CT600 walkthrough with a document checklist, deadline example, worked tax calculation and checks before and after you submit.

Read the guide and watch
Video 5:42 Sealed envelope with a brass key resting on it beside a small open lockbox holding a blank card.
Step-by-step Filing

Corporation Tax activation code: get set up to file yourself

Filing your own CT600 needs the company's own HMRC login with Corporation Tax added, and the activation code only comes by post. The steps, which code is which, and the latest safe date to start.

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Video 5:35 Payment slip with a reference strip posted into a brass box beside a card and a calendar.
Step-by-step Corporation Tax

How to pay Corporation Tax: reference, deadline and methods

Corporation Tax is due 9 months and 1 day after the accounting period ends, before the CT600 is due. How to find the payment reference, which method clears in time, and what paying late costs in 2026.

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Video 6:18 Supplementary page clipped to a tax return, with a loan note tied between a director token and a company.
Step-by-step Corporation Tax

What is a CT600A? Director's loans and s455 tax in 2026

The CT600A works out section 455 tax on a director's loan still owed at the year end. The 2026 rates, the 9-month rule, bed-and-breakfasting, relief and a worked example.

Read the guide and watch
Video 6:38 Model terraced house beside a brass key, a navy accounts folder and a checklist card with three ticks.
Step-by-step Filing

How to file a property SPV's accounts and CT600 with Taxley (step by step)

A click-by-click walkthrough for a buy-to-let limited company: look up the company, enter rent, costs and mortgage interest, check the tax, then file the CT600 with HMRC and the accounts at Companies House.

Read the guide and watch

Accounts

27 guides
Small model house on a brass stand wrapped in a measuring tape, beside an open ledger and a pen.
15 min read

Investment property in company accounts: cost or fair value?

What the law lets a property company do with a rental property's value in micro-entity and small-company accounts, why a revaluation gain isn't taxed until the sale, and a worked £220,000 example.

Read guide
Stacks of plain product boxes tied with ribbon beside a brass scale weighing one box against coins.
14 min read

Closing stock in small company accounts: how to value it

How a limited company counts and values its year-end stock, how closing stock sets cost of sales, what HMRC accepts for Corporation Tax, and a worked example of a damaged-stock write-down.

Read guide
Closed navy ledger with a blank card on top beside a settled brass hourglass and an unsprouted bulb in a pot.
16 min read

Dormant CIC: the accounts and CIC34 you still file every year

Why a dormant community interest company still files accounts and a CIC34, what dormant accounts contain, what to write under each part of the CIC34, how to file online or on paper, the deadline, and when HMRC needs a return.

Read guide
Slim navy booklet on a brass scale pan beside a much thicker ledger and a small green model community hall.
11 min read

Can a CIC file micro-entity accounts?

The micro-entity rules have no CIC exclusion, but Companies House's type-in form only takes small full accounts. Which routes accept a CIC's micro-entity accounts, the directors' pay statement the CIC34 still needs, abridged, filleted and dormant accounts, and what changes on 1 April 2028.

Read guide
Navy company folder with a coral warning tab beside a brass hourglass running low and a green envelope.
15 min read

Companies House strike-off notice for overdue accounts: what to do

Why Companies House starts a compulsory strike-off, the two letters and the Gazette notice, a dated timeline from a missed deadline to dissolution, how to stop it step by step, and how to restore a company already struck off.

Read guide
Brass fountain pen on a clipboard form with empty tick boxes beside a garden trowel and a pot of herbs.
16 min read

How to fill in a CIC34 report, with example answers

A part-by-part walk through the simplified CIC34 community interest company report: what to write, example answers, the none statements, when the detailed form applies and what gets a report rejected.

Read guide
Share certificates tied with ribbon on a ceramic tray beside a brass balance holding a certificate and a stack of coins.
14 min read

Share capital on the balance sheet: paid and unpaid shares

Where called up share capital sits in small company accounts, how unpaid shares appear as an asset, what changes when they're paid, and what Companies House needs.

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Blank report sheet clipped to a navy accounts folder beside a potted seedling and small wooden model houses.
20 min read

How to file CIC accounts and a CIC34 at Companies House

Every CIC sends Companies House its accounts with a CIC34 report each year. The three ways to file, how the ZIP package must be laid out, what the CIC34 asks, amended accounts on paper and what changes on 1 April 2028.

Read guide
Balance scale with a receipt and a stack of bills moving across a calendar card that marks the year end.
14 min read

Accruals and prepayments in small company accounts: a worked example

What accruals, prepayments, accrued income and deferred income mean for a limited company, where each sits on a micro-entity or small company balance sheet, and a worked example of how they change profit and Corporation Tax.

Read guide
Bar chart of Companies House late filing penalties issued each year from 2019-20 to 2025-26, from 218,000 to a peak of 383,000 in 2021-22 and 303,000 in 2025-26.
16 min read

UK late filing penalties in numbers: Companies House and HMRC data

How many UK companies get late filing penalties, what they cost in total, how penalties scale with lateness and repeat filing, and how HMRC's doubled CT600 penalties compare, from Companies House and HMRC figures.

Read guide
Opened envelope and a magnifying glass on a desk beside a tray of letters.
13 min read

Lost Companies House authentication code: how to get a new one

How to get a lost Companies House authentication code posted again, how to get it sent to a home address, what to do when the accounts deadline is close, and why the 11-character personal code is a different thing.

Read guide
Open navy archive box of cream folders with one brass index tab raised and a coral clip, beside a sage ribbon.
15 min read

Company accounts FAQs: Companies House questions answered (2026)

Short, sourced answers to the questions directors ask most about company accounts at Companies House: deadlines, first accounts, late penalties, filing yourself, authentication codes, micro-entity, filleted and dormant accounts, year ends, audits, costs and the April 2028 changes.

Read guide
Three cream folders from thick to slim, with a coral bookmark in the middle one and a brass letter opener on the slimmest.
20 min read

Filleted vs abridged accounts: what small companies file

Filleted accounts leave out the profit and loss account; abridged accounts shrink the formats with every member's consent. What each type puts on the public register, what HMRC always receives, and the April 2028 changes.

Read guide
Open navy hardback book with a new cream insert page, a coral ribbon, a brass key and a sage leaf paperweight.
21 min read

FRS 102 changes from 2026: what small companies must do

The FRS 102 Periodic Review 2024 amendments apply to accounting periods beginning on or after 1 January 2026. What changes for small companies, with a worked office-lease illustration.

Read guide
Clipped stack of cream sheets with navy, sage, cream, brass and coral edge tabs beside a navy fountain pen.
22 min read

What goes in FRS 102 small company accounts? (Section 1A)

The parts of FRS 102 Section 1A small company accounts, the notes the law requires, the extra notes FRS 102 adds from 2026, and a worked Format 1 balance sheet.

Read guide
Brass hourglass with the sand run through beside four coin stacks rising in height to a coral token.
15 min read

Companies House late filing penalties 2026: costs, appeals

The four penalty bands, the doubling rule, what Companies House accepts on appeal and when you can get more time, with Taxley's worked example for a 31 March 2025 year end.

Read guide
Cream folder sliding into a navy filing drawer with a coral ribbon beside an open brass padlock.
18 min read

How to file company accounts with Companies House online

The deadline, the three filing routes open until April 2028, the 6-character authentication code, what goes on the public register, why accounts are rejected, and a worked timeline for a 31 March 2026 year end.

Read guide
Open ring binder with ruled pages beside three clipped stacks of receipts and a coral pencil.
16 min read

Doing your own limited company bookkeeping: what to keep

The records the Companies Act and HMRC require, how long to keep them, a monthly and year-end routine, and a table showing where each record ends up in the accounts and the CT600.

Read guide
Open bound set of accounts with coloured note tabs and a brass fountain pen across the pages.
16 min read

Accounting policies note for a small company (FRS 102 1A)

The notes a small company's FRS 102 Section 1A accounts must give, a sample accounting policies note to adapt, and example wording for the three optional notes.

Read guide
Paper accounts tray closing beside a laptop showing tagged digital accounts.
12 min read

Companies House software-only accounts filing from 1 April 2028

The Companies House accounts reforms start on 1 April 2028, not April 2027. WebFiling and paper close for accounts, abridged accounts end, and small companies must file a profit and loss account.

Read guide
An older and a newer ledger sheet standing side by side behind a level brass balance.
16 min read

Company accounts comparatives: how to enter last year's figures

Every set of company accounts except the first shows last year's figures. Where to find them, how to enter them in Taxley, and how to fix a last-year balance sheet that doesn't balance.

Read guide
Glass jar of brass coins with a few coins stepping down a paper ramp to two shareholder tokens.
17 min read

Retained earnings movement: dividends paid and other reserves

Retained earnings roll forward by profit after tax, less dividends, plus or minus any genuine reserve movement. Here's what to enter, and what each mismatch warning means.

Read guide
Open transfer case containing indexed records and continuing company schedules.
7 min read

Changing accountant? Build a company-tax handover pack

Request the records behind your company's last return before changing accountant or filing software. Includes a practical handover checklist.

Read guide
Uneven balance beam beside a ledger and magnifying glass for investigating a discrepancy.
8 min read

Company balance sheet does not balance? Check these first

Find a balance-sheet difference without inventing a balancing figure. Check opening balances, signs, profits, dividends and missing liabilities.

Read guide
Trial-balance columns connected to account categories with an unresolved entry set aside.
7 min read

Before importing a trial balance: a director's checklist

Check dates, signs, control balances and account mapping before importing a trial balance into accounts or CT600 software. Includes a reconciliation.

Read guide
March invoice linked across a year-end divider to a payment recorded in April.
6 min read

Unpaid invoices at company year end: why cash is not profit

Use an illustrative year-end example to understand debtors, unpaid bills and prepayments before preparing limited-company accounts and a CT600.

Read guide
Two document folders comparing account filing options
13 min read

FRS 105 or FRS 102 §1A: which should you use?

A decision guide for small UK companies: who can use FRS 105, what changes if you use FRS 102 Section 1A instead, and a checklist to choose.

Read guide

Filing

29 guides
Empty in-tray beside an unopened accounts folder under a paperweight and a calendar with a marked day.
14 min read

My accountant hasn't filed my company accounts or tax return: what now?

Who is responsible when an accountant misses a filing, how to check what has been filed, what to do with the time left, and what the penalties would be, with a worked example.

Read guide
Brass desk clock beside a navy return document and a green checklist card with three ticked boxes.
14 min read

How long does it take to file a CT600? What you can still do before the deadline

Which parts of filing a Company Tax Return (CT600) are instant, which wait for the post, what you can still do with a day, a week or a month left, and the latest day to request each code.

Read guide
One brass coin on a single return document beside a looping chain of coins circling a desk calendar.
14 min read

Pay-per-return or subscription CT600 software: which suits you?

Should a small company pick pay-per-return or subscription CT600 software? A decision table, a year's-cost formula with no invented prices, and what either price must include.

Read guide
Navy accounts folder, brass key, index card and payment token laid out beside a checklist card with one item ticked.
15 min read

What do I need to file a CT600? A filing-day checklist

The 12 things to have ready before you file a Company Tax Return (CT600), where to find each one, and which HMRC requires by law and which are practical.

Read guide
Navy filing folder beside an open brass padlock and a key that does not fit, with a returned envelope.
15 min read

CT600 rejected by HMRC with error 1046: how to fix it

A rejected Company Tax Return (CT600) isn't filed. What HMRC's error 1046 sign-in failure means and how to fix it, a decision table for HMRC's other rejection codes, and why error 3304 needs a check with HMRC before you send anything again.

Read guide
Finished document in a clipped folder beside a blank form on a tray, linked by a brass ruler.
13 min read

Already filed accounts at Companies House? How to file your CT600

Filing accounts at Companies House doesn't file your Company Tax Return. Which accounts HMRC needs when you filed filleted, micro-entity or abridged accounts, how to build the CT600 package, and a dated example.

Read guide
Brass key and navy key fob resting on a blank login card next to a closed padlock.
13 min read

What is my Government Gateway user ID for Corporation Tax?

The Government Gateway user ID that files a company's CT600: what it looks like, why it isn't your email address, where to find a lost one, company versus agent sign-ins, and where GOV.UK One Login fits.

Read guide
Cream receipt card with an embossed tick in a brass holder beside a ribboned envelope.
11 min read

How do I know HMRC has received my CT600?

How to tell whether HMRC has your Company Tax Return (CT600): the gateway's first acknowledgement versus HMRC's acceptance and receipt, what acceptance doesn't mean, where to check, and what to do if no confirmation arrives.

Read guide
Row of navy folders with coral tabs standing in order in a brass file sorter.
14 min read

Several overdue CT600 returns: which should you file first?

When several years of Company Tax Returns are overdue, the order matters: each return has its own penalties, losses carry forward and some deadlines are closer than others. A decision table and a worked example.

Read guide
Brass desk lamp lighting a blank cream document with a navy magnifying glass and a coral bookmark beside it.
20 min read

Can AI do my company tax return? ChatGPT and CT600 FAQs

Straight answers on using ChatGPT, Claude, Gemini or Copilot for a UK Company Tax Return (CT600): filing, accounts, penalties, data safety, HMRC's own AI guidelines and how to check an AI tax answer.

Read guide
Navy folder with two cream sheets clipped to it by a brass paperclip carrying a small coral tag.
15 min read

Attaching supporting documents to your CT600: what and how

Which supporting documents belong with a Company Tax Return (CT600) as PDFs and which don't, HMRC's limits, the group relief consent notice, and how to attach one in Taxley.

Read guide
Blank desk calendar beside a navy track with a brass slider and a coral pin marking a new position.
17 min read

Changing your company year end (AA01): what happens to tax

How to change a company's accounting reference date on form AA01, and what it does to Corporation Tax periods, payment dates and CT600 deadlines, with two worked 2026 timelines.

Read guide
Tall banded stack of navy and cream books balanced on a brass scale by one small coral weight.
14 min read

Cheap CT600 software for small companies (FRS 102), 2026

Few low-cost CT600 products publish a price for FRS 102 Section 1A accounts. Who needs them, what the software must file, and five published prices compared.

Read guide
Cream folder tucked under a sage blanket with a coral sleep mask and one brass coin beside it.
13 min read

Cheapest way to file a dormant company's return (2026)

What a dormant company must file, which parts are free, and what each way of filing costs: published prices by product type, checked 27 September 2026.

Read guide
Thick bundle of envelopes tied with navy cord beside one slim clipped envelope and a coral pencil.
14 min read

How much does an accountant charge a limited company? (2026)

Price lists from 11 UK accountancy firms, checked 28 September 2026: what each fee covers, what pushes it up, and a worked yearly cost against software.

Read guide
Brass magnifying glass inspecting an open cream box beside a blank checklist card and a coral shield.
16 min read

Is cheap CT600 software safe? What to check before you pay

A low price isn't the risk; missing scope is. An 11-point checklist for CT600 software, the warning signs from our 27 September 2026 price check, and what HMRC's list means.

Read guide
Navy tray with five compartments holding a coin, a letter, a key tag, a stamp and a coral token.
15 min read

Limited company running costs: what you pay each year (2026)

The full yearly compliance bill for a small limited company: the statutory fees you can't avoid, the services you can do yourself, and a worked example.

Read guide
Brass tweezers lifting one coral tile back into a tray of neatly ordered cream tiles.
14 min read

Common CT600 mistakes when you file it yourself

Nine Company Tax Return mistakes, each with the tax or rejection it causes, how to spot it and how to fix it, plus what Taxley's own unfinished returns show.

Read guide
Navy ledger tied with a ribbon beside a blank desk calendar and a row of brass ticks ending at a coral flag.
15 min read

Limited company year-end checklist (without an accountant)

Everything a director does between the last day of the financial year and the last filing: closing the books, year-end checks, accounts, Corporation Tax, the CT600 and the director's own deadlines, with a worked calendar for a 31 March 2026 year end.

Read guide
Single brass pawn standing on a navy notebook beside a closed laptop, a plant and a coral mug.
18 min read

One-person limited company without an accountant: what to do

Every yearly job for a sole director-shareholder company: who it goes to, the 2026–27 dates, and the cases where an accountant earns the fee.

Read guide
Five tagged software boxes of different sizes lined up behind a brass measuring rule.
22 min read

Best CT600 filing software in the UK (2026): how to choose

A CT600 software buyer's guide from a vendor that says so: the main types of product, what each prepares, which file accounts to Companies House and what to check.

Read guide
Form with a column of empty tick boxes beside a coral pen and a brass magnifying glass.
17 min read

CT600 tick boxes 38 to 75: when to tick each one in 2026

A deep dive on the CT600's nine 'About this return' tick boxes: a one-line test for when to tick each of boxes 38 to 75, an example, and what Taxley does next.

Read guide
Company building with shutters down behind a final bundle of papers tied with ribbon and a key.
13 min read

Final CT600 when closing a limited company: steps and dates

The final accounting period ends the day trading stops. What HMRC and Companies House each need, in what order, with a worked 2026 example.

Read guide
Tax return form with a brass price tag beside three coin stacks of different heights.
12 min read

How much does it cost to file a CT600 in 2026?

There's no single price for a CT600. The total cost by route (CT600-only software, all-in-one software or an accountant), plus the fees and penalties.

Read guide
Archived submission receipt beside unfinished payment and company-filing checks.
7 min read

Your CT600 was accepted: what should you do next?

An HMRC receipt is not approval of your tax figures. Save the filed pack, check payment separately and finish your company's other filing tasks.

Read guide
Three separate company-filing booklets with their own deadline markers.
6 min read

CT600, annual accounts or confirmation statement?

Understand the three company filings directors often confuse, who receives each one and how to track completion without missing a separate task.

Read guide
Closed filing-service shutter with an arrow toward three software options.
11 min read

Free HMRC CT600 filing has closed: what to use now

Replacing HMRC's closed company filing service? Check accounts, computations, filing scope and total costs before choosing CT600 software.

Read guide
Readable accounts beneath a transparent layer with tags aligned to financial data.
6 min read

iXBRL accounts for a CT600: what to check beyond the PDF

Understand the difference between a PDF and iXBRL accounts, then review the company, dates, figures and filing package before submitting a CT600.

Read guide
Two filing paths showing simple and detailed CT600 approaches
5 min read

Simple vs box-by-box CT600 filing: which to use

A guided form is faster; a box-by-box editor gives accountant-level control. Here's how the two approaches differ — and how to choose.

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Corporation Tax

63 guides
Three small machines on paper bases with a full, a medium and a thin stack of brass coins.
12 min read

AIA vs full expensing vs writing-down allowances: which should a small company claim?

Annual investment allowance, full expensing and writing-down allowances compared for a small limited company in financial year 2026, including a worked van, machinery and car claim.

Read guide
Two identical model houses, one on an ivory base and one on a navy folder, each with a brass key.
14 min read

Should I buy a buy-to-let personally or through a limited company (SPV)? Tax compared for 2026/27

Personal ownership and a property company compared for 2026/27: rental profit, mortgage interest, dividends, stamp duty and a sale, with one worked flat.

Read guide
A navy model panel van and a green model hatchback side by side, each with a brass key.
13 min read

Company van vs company car: benefit in kind and tax compared (2026/27)

Company van and company car tax compared for 2026/27: the flat van benefit, CO2 percentages, capital allowances and VAT, with a £35,000 worked example.

Read guide
A large green block linked by brass rods to two smaller navy blocks, beside a single navy block.
14 min read

Should I set up a holding company?

When a holding company helps, and when a second company raises Corporation Tax: exempt dividends, a sale of the subsidiary, ring-fenced cash, and a worked £60,000 example for financial year 2026.

Read guide
Two stacks of brass coins, one in a navy box and one on an open wallet, with a coral ribbon between them.
13 min read

Should I invest through a limited company or personally?

Shares, funds and gains held personally or in a limited company, compared for 2026/27, with the close investment-holding company rate and a £200,000 example.

Read guide
A single navy block beside two green blocks joined by a brass link on a stone desk.
14 min read

Limited company vs LLP: tax, admin and filing compared

A limited company pays Corporation Tax. Individual LLP members usually pay Income Tax and Class 4 National Insurance on their share. Liability, filings, the public register and a 2026/27 worked example compared.

Read guide
Two navy company folders, one with a brass clip and one tied with ribbon in an archive box.
14 min read

Closing a small company: voluntary strike-off or members' voluntary liquidation?

Voluntary strike-off and a members' voluntary liquidation compared for a solvent company, with the £25,000 rule and a 2026/27 worked example for a higher-rate director taking £60,000.

Read guide
Two ceramic dishes, one with a single flat brass disc and one with a stack of coins being split.
13 min read

VAT Flat Rate Scheme vs standard VAT for a limited company: which leaves more profit?

Flat Rate Scheme or standard VAT for a limited company. A £90,000 consultancy example shows the profit left after Corporation Tax when relevant goods are low and when they are high.

Read guide
Navy bill divided into equal strips with one coin on each, beside a desk calendar with one day marked.
15 min read

Can't pay Corporation Tax? How to ask HMRC for Time to Pay

What to do when a limited company can't pay its Corporation Tax by the due date: who to contact at HMRC, what a Time to Pay arrangement needs, what late payment interest costs, and why the CT600 is still due on time.

Read guide
Coins passing from a small person token towards a company block, with a few set aside in a dish.
15 min read

Lending money to your own company: interest, 20% tax and the CT61

When a director lends money to their own limited company, the company can pay interest, deduct it for Corporation Tax and must usually withhold Income Tax and file a CT61. How it works, with a £60,000 worked example.

Read guide
Two stacks of plain brass coins on a navy folder beside a planter of seedlings and a terracotta watering can.
13 min read

Does a CIC pay Corporation Tax? How community interest companies are taxed

A community interest company is taxed as an ordinary company, not a charity. What it pays Corporation Tax on, the rates, how HMRC treats grants and donations, when it files a CT600, VAT, and how Taxley files a CIC's return.

Read guide
Unmarked copper disc in a green cradle beside a closed navy ledger and ivory steps.
8 min read

How is Bitcoin held by a limited company taxed?

How to distinguish Bitcoin held as an investment from tokens used on a continuing basis, with impairment and disposal examples and the relevant CT600 boxes.

Read guide
Green portfolio tray with blank investment certificates, brass coins and an open ledger.
8 min read

How to file a CT600 for an investment company

How an investment company reports interest, fund income, management expenses and gains, with a full worked CT600 example and the filing steps in Taxley.

Read guide
Blank ledger beside two coin trays connected by a terracotta ribbon.
7 min read

Which investment company management expenses reduce tax?

Which investment running costs qualify, when current expenses are deducted, and how an excess is claimed in a later year, with a two-year CT600 example.

Read guide
Two ivory fund containers directing brass coins into separate green and navy trays.
8 min read

Are Irish ETF dividends taxable for a UK limited company?

A fund-type decision table for Irish and Luxembourg ETF income, explaining the unresolved tax-residence test, excess reportable income and the 60% bond-fund rule.

Read guide
Coins flowing down a chute from a small company block through a brass shield into a green holding box wrapped in a measuring ribbon.
15 min read

Does a company pay Corporation Tax on dividends it receives?

Why most dividends a company receives are exempt from Corporation Tax, how exempt dividends can still raise the rate through augmented profits, where they go on the CT600, overseas dividends, and a worked example.

Read guide
Brass arrow curving back from a navy desk calendar to a green one, with coins dropping into a ceramic dish.
15 min read

Carry back a trading loss for a Corporation Tax refund: how to claim

How a company sets a trading loss against the previous 12 months' profits under section 37, which CT600 boxes the claim uses, how much tax comes back, and how to claim it step by step.

Read guide
Navy bill with a blurred estimated amount under a paperweight, with a completed green return placed beside it.
15 min read

HMRC Corporation Tax determination: what to do and how to replace it

What an HMRC Corporation Tax determination is, why you can't appeal it, how long you have to replace it with the company's own return, whether to pay it, and a calculated timeline for a 31 March year end.

Read guide
Illustrative car lease paperwork and payment calendar beside a showroom hatchback.
7 min read

Is company car leasing tax deductible? A tax and VAT example

See how company car lease deductions, the 15% emissions restriction and 50% VAT block interact, with a worked electric-versus-petrol rental example.

Read guide
Illustrative car key and model hatchback beside separate accounting and tax schedules.
8 min read

Company car tax deductions: what can a limited company claim?

Find out which company car costs are tax deductible, how capital allowances replace depreciation, and why VAT and director benefits need separate treatment.

Read guide
Illustrative mileage notebook and road map on the passenger seat of a parked personal car.
8 min read

Company car or personal car? A director's mileage guide for 2026/27

Compare company-car costs with personal-car mileage claims, including HMRC's 55p and 25p rates, electric cars, commuting, records and VAT limits.

Read guide
Illustrative new and used electric hatchbacks compared beside charging points.
7 min read

New or used electric company car: which gets better tax relief?

Compare 100% first-year relief on qualifying new electric cars with used-car allowances, including a worked cost example, VAT and director benefit rules.

Read guide
Illustrative purchase invoice, lease agreement and home-charging cable arranged as separate VAT transactions.
7 min read

Can a limited company reclaim VAT on a car?

Understand blocked purchase VAT, the 50% lease VAT rule, repair costs and electric-car charging, with practical examples for UK limited companies.

Read guide
Green ceramic charity box with a heart-shaped opening beside a navy return with an extra page tied in coral ribbon.
15 min read

Does a charitable company need to file a CT600? The CT600E explained

When a charitable company or community amateur sports club must file a Company Tax Return, what the CT600E pages claim and report, how trading and non-charitable spending affect the exemptions, and a decision table.

Read guide
Brass spatula lifting a coral layer off a tall navy stack of sales discs into a small ceramic dish.
14 min read

Does turnover on the CT600 include VAT? Three cases compared

Whether a company's turnover includes VAT on the Company Tax Return (CT600) and in its accounts: standard VAT accounting, the Flat Rate Scheme and companies that aren't VAT-registered, compared in one worked example.

Read guide
Opened navy envelope holding a green notice card, with a brass hourglass running beside it.
15 min read

CT603 notice to deliver a Company Tax Return: what to do

What HMRC's CT603 notice to deliver a Company Tax Return means, which period it covers, how the filing date is worked out with three calculated examples, what to do if the company was dormant or the dates are wrong, and the late-filing penalties.

Read guide
Glass jar of coins with a small green sprout beside a blank bank statement and a pen.
11 min read

Company bank interest on the CT600: which box and how it's taxed

Where a company's bank interest goes on the Company Tax Return (CT600), why it's a non-trading loan relationship credit, how it's taxed even without a trade, and two worked examples.

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14 min read

CT41G letter from HMRC: what it is and what to do next

What the CT41G letter is, what to do once it arrives, how it differs from the CT603 notice to deliver a return, and a worked timeline from incorporation to the first CT600 and payment.

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11 min read

Company with no income but not dormant: do you file a CT600?

Why a company with no income can still be active for Corporation Tax, when it must file a Company Tax Return (CT600), which boxes show the costs and the loss, and how bank interest changes things.

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19 min read

Corporation Tax FAQs: 16 questions UK directors ask (2026)

A question-and-answer hub for UK company directors: 2026/27 Corporation Tax rates, payment and CT600 deadlines, late interest, losses, dividends, s455, iXBRL, records and filing without an accountant, each linked to a deeper guide.

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20 min read

Accounting period vs financial year vs tax year: explained

The date terms a UK company works to, side by side: period of account, accounting reference date, accounting period, Corporation Tax financial year and tax year, with a worked 30 June year end.

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Brass hourglass just turned upright on a navy stone base, beside an open ledger with a coral ribbon and a sage cloth pulled back.
12 min read

My dormant company has started trading: what now?

What to do when a dormant limited company starts trading again: telling HMRC within 3 months, the new accounting period, the first CT600 and Corporation Tax payment, Companies House accounts, and VAT and PAYE.

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14 min read

How to calculate Corporation Tax, step by step (2026)

A worked example takes £60,000 of accounts profit to £59,000 of taxable profit and £11,885 of Corporation Tax, with marginal relief, in seven steps.

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18 min read

How to pay a dividend from a limited company, step by step

The seven steps to paying a lawful dividend from a UK limited company, with a board minute, a written resolution and a dividend voucher template, and a £30,000 worked example.

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17 min read

Sole trader vs limited company: tax compared (2026/27)

Which structure pays less tax in 2026/27? A worked £50,000 comparison, the non-tax differences, and the steps for moving a sole trade into a company.

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19 min read

Corporation Tax repayment: how long it takes, how to claim

What HMRC actually says about repayment times, the CT600 boxes that claim a refund, a worked £2,000 interest example and the reasons repayments are held.

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Payroll summary and dividend voucher being compared against one company budget.
7 min read

Salary or dividends in 2026/27: how should a company director pay themselves?

Compare salary and dividends using the same company budget, including 2026/27 dividend tax, employer National Insurance and Employment Allowance.

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Electric car charging outside a small business while a director reviews a vehicle quote.
8 min read

Buying an electric car through a limited company: what is the real tax cost?

Compare the company and director costs of an electric car, including capital allowances, 2026/27 benefit in kind, employer NI, VAT and resale.

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Company owner sorting invoices into running costs, assets and reimbursements.
8 min read

What expenses can a limited company claim? A practical UK checklist

Check which limited-company costs can reduce Corporation Tax, what evidence to keep, and how to separate everyday expenses, assets and personal payments.

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Director checking a company pension payment against the business year-end calendar.
7 min read

Can my limited company pay into my pension? Tax relief and limits explained

See how company pension contributions work, when Corporation Tax relief arises, how personal allowances apply and what a £10,000 payment could cost.

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Company director working at home with an energy statement and work diary.
7 min read

Working from home through a limited company: what can directors claim in 2026/27?

Understand company-paid homeworking expenses, the £6 weekly allowance, evidence for higher costs and the personal tax-relief change from April 2026.

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19 min read

How to claim capital allowances for a limited company in 2026

A company claims capital allowances on its CT600 instead of deducting depreciation. Here are the 2026 rates, how a balancing charge works, and what to type in Taxley's capital allowances boxes.

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Model apartment building and share certificates beside brass bars rising from purchase to sale.
11 min read

How is a limited company taxed when it sells property?

No Capital Gains Tax, no £3,000 allowance, and indexation that stops at December 2017. How a company's gain on property or shares is worked out, taxed and reported, with a 2026 worked example.

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19 min read

Disallowable expenses for Corporation Tax: adjustments explained

Accounts profit becomes taxable profit by adding back depreciation and disallowable costs such as client entertaining, then deducting capital allowances and losses. Here's what counts, and what to type in Taxley.

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Brass signpost pointing to a rental house with digital records and a company with its own tax folder.
9 min read

Does Making Tax Digital apply to limited companies?

MTD for Income Tax covers sole traders and landlords, not companies. Here is what a limited company files, where MTD for VAT applies, and HMRC's position on Corporation Tax.

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Company building tied by a ribbon to a director token, with a loan card and a clipped supplementary sheet.
17 min read

How to fill in a director's loan on a company tax return (CT600A)

A box-by-box walk-through of the director's loan question and CT600A panel: which answer to pick, what to type for each borrower, how a £6,000 repayment cuts s455 tax from £6,075 to £4,050, and the s413 note.

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Last year's envelope on a navy ledger with a brass arrow carrying it onto this year's ledger beside coins.
20 min read

Trading losses brought forward: Corporation Tax and CT600 box 285

A trading loss brought forward is last year's unused tax loss. Here's how Corporation Tax relieves it, which CT600 box it goes in, and exactly what to type in Taxley's Trading losses box.

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Stepped reconciliation model linking accounting profit and taxable profit.
6 min read

Accounting profit vs taxable profit: a CT600 example

Why does your CT600 profit differ from your accounts? Follow a labelled example showing depreciation, disallowed expenses and capital allowances.

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6 min read

Associated companies: check your Corporation Tax thresholds

Owning another company can reduce your Corporation Tax profit limits. Use a worked threshold example and gather the right control information.

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Client-meal and staff-event place settings beside separate tax-review tabs.
6 min read

Client entertaining or staff party? Separate the tax checks

Distinguish client hospitality from staff entertaining, understand why the £150 exemption is a separate test, and keep useful expense evidence.

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Pre-launch receipts and payer records arranged before a trading-start marker.
8 min read

Company pre-trading expenses: check the payer and the purpose

Sort pre-trading company costs into revenue, capital and later-period items, and build the evidence needed before claiming Corporation Tax relief.

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Original and revised returns with a changed entry highlighted under a comparison overlay.
8 min read

Found a CT600 mistake after filing? What to check next

Work out whether you need to amend a filed Company Tax Return, correct accounts or resolve a failed submission. Includes an amendment evidence checklist.

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Opposing arrows between a company model and a director token, with a transaction ledger.
6 min read

Director's loan account: does the company owe you?

Reconcile a director's loan account, distinguish company funding from personal withdrawals, and spot when an overdrawn balance needs tax advice.

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Dividend paperwork and shareholder tokens separated from operating-expense receipts.
5 min read

Are dividends a Corporation Tax expense?

Dividends do not reduce Corporation Tax. Learn how to separate dividends, salary, reimbursements and director-loan movements in your records.

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Workshop drill beside a purchase invoice and separate accounting and tax schedules.
6 min read

Company equipment: expense or capital allowance?

Bought equipment through your company? Separate the invoice, accounting treatment and capital-allowance decision before preparing your CT600.

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One accounts timeline covering a long first tax-return period followed by a short second period.
8 min read

First company accounts: why you may need two CT600s

First accounts longer than 12 months? Understand the two CT600 periods, check your trading start date and prepare a clear filing plan.

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Loss schedule separating claimed amounts from a remaining unused balance.
8 min read

Company made a loss? Your CT600 still needs a loss schedule

Understand why a loss-making company may still need a CT600, how tax losses differ from accounts losses, and what to record before claiming relief.

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Calendar, clock and document folder illustrating a late CT600
6 min read

What happens if you file your CT600 late?

A late CT600 triggers an automatic penalty the day it's overdue — and it grows. Here's the full penalty schedule, the repeat-offender rule, and how paying late is charged separately.

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Reference envelope, magnifying glass and secure identity card
7 min read

What is a UTR and where do I find it?

Your UTR is the 10-digit reference HMRC uses to identify your company for tax. Here's exactly where to find it — and what to do if you can't.

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Model rental homes with tenancy papers and keys
14 min read

Corporation Tax for a property (rental) company

Hold your rentals in a limited company? You pay Corporation Tax on the rental profit — and file a CT600 with iXBRL accounts. Here's the whole process in plain English.

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Prepared tax document with filing folder and forward arrow
6 min read

What is a CT600 and how do you file one?

The CT600 is the form HMRC uses to assess your Corporation Tax — but it's only part of what you file. Here's the whole picture, in plain English.

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Calendar with key Corporation Tax dates circled
7 min read

Corporation Tax deadlines: when to pay and file

Paying and filing are two different deadlines — and the payment one comes first. Here's exactly when each falls and what happens if you miss them.

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Balance scale showing tax rate thresholds
7 min read

Corporation Tax rates and marginal relief 2026/27

19% up to £50,000, 25% above £250,000, and a tapered rate in between. Here's how the small profits rate and marginal relief actually work — with the numbers.

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Making Tax Digital

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